|
Cunard Line is a British-American cruise line based at Carnival House in Southampton, England, operated by Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc since 2005.〔http://www.thecunarders.co.uk/cunard%20white%20star%20service.html〕 It has been a leading operator of passenger ships on the North Atlantic, celebrating 175 years of operation in 2015. '' In 1839, Nova Scotian Samuel Cunard was awarded the first British trans-Atlantic steamship mail contract, and the next year formed the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Company together with Robert Napier, the famous Scottish steamship engine designer and builder, to operate the line's four pioneer paddle steamers on the Liverpool–Halifax–Boston route. For most of the next 30 years, Cunard held the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic voyage. However, in the 1870s Cunard fell behind its rivals, the White Star Line and the Inman Line. To meet this competition, in 1879 the firm was reorganized as Cunard Steamship Company, Ltd to raise capital. In 1902, White Star joined the American owned International Mercantile Marine Co. and the British Government provided Cunard with substantial loans and a subsidy to build two superliners needed to retain its competitive position. ''Mauretania'' held the Blue Riband from 1909 to 1929. The sinking of her running mate ''Lusitania'' in 1915 was one of the causes of the United States' entering the First World War. In the late 1920s, Cunard faced new competition when the Germans, Italians and French built large prestige liners. Cunard was forced to suspend construction on its own new superliner because of the Great Depression. In 1934, the British Government offered Cunard loans to finish ''Queen Mary'' and to build a second ship, ''Queen Elizabeth'', on the condition that Cunard merged with the then ailing White Star line to form Cunard-White Star Ltd. Cunard owned two-thirds of the new company. Cunard purchased White Star's share in 1947; the name reverted to the Cunard Line in 1950.〔 Upon the end of World War II, Cunard regained its position as the largest Atlantic passenger line. By the mid-1950s, it operated 12 ships to the United States and Canada. After 1958, trans-Atlantic passenger ships became increasingly unprofitable because of the introduction of jet airliners. Cunard withdrew from its year round service in 1968 to concentrate on cruising and summer transatlantic voyages for vacationers. The Queens were replaced by ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' (''QE2''), which was designed for the dual role. In 1998, Cunard was acquired by the Carnival Corporation, and accounted for 8.7% of that company's revenue in 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2012 World Wide Market Share )〕 Five years later, ''QE2'' was replaced on the transAtlantic runs by ''Queen Mary 2'' (''QM2''). The line also operates ''Queen Victoria'' (''QV'') and ''Queen Elizabeth'' (''QE''). At the moment, Cunard is the only shipping company to operate a scheduled passenger service between Europe and North America. == History == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cunard Line」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|